Stanley Finger

Professor Emeritus of Psychological & Brain Sciences
PHD, Indiana University - Bloomington
MA, Indiana University - Bloomington
BA, Hunter College - City University of New York
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      Research Interests

      I am interested in the history of the neurosciences, especially the history of neurophysiology, the historical relationship between brain and behavior, and neurology and the literature. My more recent projects have been on phrenology, its founders, its American critics, and its rise and fall. My projects during 2024 will be on Norwegian artist Edvard Munch’s (non-ECT) electrotherapy sessions (in 1908-09), during which electricity was administered to his head, and French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot’s influence on Scandinavian “nerve doctors” and writers of popular literature.

      Monographs and Edited Books

      • Finger, S. (2023). Mark Twain, Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, and the Head Readers: Phrenology, Humor, and Public Opinion. Cambridge University Press.Eling, P. and
      • Finger, S. (eds.). (2021). Gall, Spurzheim, and the Phrenological Movement: Insights and Perspectives. Philadelphia, Taylor and Francis.
      • Finger, S., and Eling, P. (2019). Franz Joseph Gall: Naturalist of the Mind, Visionary of the Brain. New York: Oxford University Press.
      • Altenmueller, E., Finger, S., and Boller, F. (2015). Music, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Evolution, the Musical Brain, Medical Conditions, and Therapies. Oxford/New York: Elsevier. (Progress in Brain Research, vol. 217)
      • Altenmueller, E., Finger, S., and Boller, F. (2015). Music, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Historical Connections and Perspectives. Oxford/New York: Elsevier. (Progress in Brain Research, vol. 216)
      • Finger, S., Boller, F., and Stiles, A. (2013). Literature, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Oxford/New York: Elsevier. (Progress in Brain Research, vol. 206)
      • Stiles, A., Finger, S., and Boller, F. (2013). Literature, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Historical and Literary Connections.Oxford/New York:Elsevier. (Progress in Brain Research, vol. 205) 
      • Finger, S., Zaidel, D., Boller, F., and Bogousslavski, J. (2013). The Fine Arts, Neurology, and Neuroscience: New Discoveries and Changing Landscapes. Oxford/New York:Elsevier. (Progress in Brain Research, vol. 204)
      • Finger, S., Zaidel, D., Boller, F., and Bogousslavski, J. (2013). The Fine Arts, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Neurohistorical Dimensions. Oxford/New York:Elsevier. (Progress in Brain Research, vol. 203)
      • Smith, C.U.M., Frixione, E., Finger, S, and Clower, W. (2012). The Animal Spirit Doctrine and the Origins of Neurophysiology. New York: Oxford University Press.
      • Finger, S., and Piccolino, M. (2011). The Shocking History of Electric Fishes: From Ancient Epochs to the Birth of Modern Neurophysiology. New York: Oxford University Press.
      • Finger, S., Boller, F., and Tyler, K. (Eds.). (2010). History of Neurology. Handbook of Clinical Neurology (new series). Edinburgh: Elsevier.
      • Whitaker, H., Smith, C.U.M., and Finger, S. (Eds.). (2007). Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience. Boston: Springer.
      • Finger, S. (2006). Doctor Franklin’s Medicine. University of Pennsylvania Press.  Nominated for 2006 Phi Beta Kappa Award in science
      • Arnott, R., Finger, S., and Smith, C.U.M. (Eds). (2003). Trepanation: History, Discovery, Theory. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger. 
      • Finger, S. (2000). Minds Behind the Brain: A History of the Pioneers and their Discoveries.  New York: Oxford University Press. Ranked #1 in physiology by North American libraries for 2000. Second printing 2001. Paperback 2004.
      • Finger, S. (1994). Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations into Brain Function. New York: Oxford University Press. Association of American Publishers honorable mention for best professional/scholarly publication in 1994. Second printing in 2001. Paperback 2003.
      • Finger, S., LeVere, T., Almli, C. R., and Stein, D. G. (Eds.). (1988). Brain Injury and Recovery: Theoretical and Controversial Issues.  New York:  Plenum Press. 
      • Finger, S., and Almli, C. R. (Eds.). (1984). Early Brain Damage, Vol. 2. Neurobiology and Behavior. New York: Academic Press. 
      • Almli, C. R., and Finger, S. (Eds.). (1984). Early Brain Damage, Vol. l. Research Orientations and Clinical Observations.New York: Academic Press.
      • Finger, S., and Stein, D. G. (1982). Brain Damage and Recovery of Function: Research and Clinical Implications. New York:  Academic Press. 
      • Finger, S. (Ed.). (1978). Recovery from Brain Damage: Research and Theory. New York: Plenum Publishing Co. 

       

      EDITED SPECIAL JOURNAL ISSUE

      • Eling, P., and Finger, S. (Eds.). 2020. Gall and Phrenology: New Perspectives. Special issue of Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 29.

       

      JOURNAL ARTICLES AND BOOK CHAPTERS

      • Finger S, and Sirgiovanni, E. (2024). The Electrified Artist: Edvard Munch’s Demons, Treatments, and Sketch of an Electrotherapy Session (1908-09). Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, in press. 
      • Finger S. (2023). Review of J. Keiser, Nervous Fictions: Literary Form and the Enlightenment Origins of Neuroscience. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 32, 512-514.
      • Finger, S. (2023). Review of William Hughes, The Dome of Thought: Phrenology and the Nineteenth-Century Popular Imagination. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 32, 57-58. 
      • Finger, S., and Eling, P. (2022) The quest for measurements in phrenology's "bumpy" history. History of Psychology, 25, 211-244.
      • Finger, S., and Eling, P. (2022). The Phrenology’s Frontal Sinus Problem: An Insurmountable Obstruction? Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 31, 524-557.
      • Eling, P., and Finger, S. (2021). Franz Joseph Gall on God and Religion: "Dieu et Cerveau, rien que Dieu et cerveau!" Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 58, 183-203.
      • Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikiene, E, Eling, P., and Finger, S. (2021). Stephanus Bisius (1724-1790) on Mania and Melancholy, and the Disorder called Plica Polonica. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 30, 77-93. 
      • Finger, S. (2021). Review of Courtney Thompson's An Organ of Murder: Crime, Violence, and Phrenology in Nineteenth-Century America. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 30, 329-331.
      • Finger, S. (2020). Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes on phrenology: debunking a fad. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 29, 285-298. 
      • Eling, P., and Finger, S. (2020). Franz Joseph Gall on hemispheric symmetries. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 29, 385-398.
      • Nolte, S. H., Hansen, W., Eling, P., and Finger, S. (2020). An Early Description of Crouzon Syndrome in a Manuscript Written in 1828 by Franz Joseph Gall. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 29, 339-350.
      • Finger, S. 2020. Review of James Poskett’s Materials of Mind: Phrenology, Race, and the Global History of Science, 1815-1920. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 3, 351-353.
      • Finger, S. 2020. Review of Julien Bogousslavsky, François Boller, and Makato Iwata (eds.) A History of Neuropsychology. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 29, 445-446. 
      • Finger, S. 2020. Review of Oliver Sacks' Everything in its Place: First Loves and Last Tales. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 29, 250-251.
      • Eling, P., and Finger, S. 2020. Franz Joseph Gall's non-cortical faculties and their organs. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 56, 7-19.
      • Eling, P., and Finger, S. 2020. Gall's German enemies. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 29, 70-89.
      • Eling, P., and Finger, S. 2019. Franz Joseph Gall on the cerebellum as the organ for the reproductive drive. Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, 13, Article 40 (1-13).
      • Finger, S. 2020. Mark Twain's phrenological experiment: Three renditions of his "small test". Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 29, 101-118.
      • Finger, S. 2019. Mark Twain's fascination with phrenology. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 55, 99-121.
      • Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikiene, E, Eling, P., and Finger, S. 2020. Ludwig Heinrich Bojanus (1776 - 1827) on Gall’s Craniognomic System, Zoology and Comparative Anatomy. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 29, 29-47.
      • Eling, P., and Finger, S. 2019. A commentary on Parker Jones et al. on Gall's cortical faculties. Cortex, 115, 345-347.
      • Raz, C. and Finger, S. 2018. Musical glasses, metal reeds, and broken hearts: Two cases of melancholia treated by new musical instruments. In P. Gouk, J. Kennaway, J. Prins, and W. Thormählen (Eds), The Routledge Companion to Music, Mind and Wellbeing.Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge, pp. 77-91.
      • Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikiene, E, Eling, P., and Finger, S.  2017. The reception of Gall’s organology in early-nineteenth-century Vilnius. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 26, 385-405.
      • Eling, P., Finger, S., and Whitaker, H. (2017). On the origins of organology: Franz Joseph Gall and a girl named Bianchi. Cortex, 86, 123-131.
      • Finger, S. (2017). John W. Verano's Holes in the Head: The Art and Archeology of Trepanation in Ancient Peru. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 26, 228-229.
      • Riva, M.A., Mazzocchi, C., Cesana, G., and Finger, S. (2016). Il Sonnambulo by Michele Carafa: A forgotten Romantic opera with sleepwalking. European Neurology, 76, 210-215.
      • Finger, S. (2015). Benjamin Franklin's wife's apoplexy and mid-eighteenth-century medicine. American Philosophical Society Proceedings, 159, 169-197.
      • Eling, P., and Finger, S. (2015). Franz Joseph Gall on greatness in the fine arts: A collaboration of multiple cortical faculties of mind. Cortex, 71, 102-115.
      • Eling, P., Finger, S., and Whitaker, H. (2015). Franz Joseph Gall and music: The faculty and the bump. In Altenmuller, E., Finger, S., and Boller, F. (Eds.), Music, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Historical Connections and Perspectives.Oxford/New York: Elsevier, pp. 3-32. (Progress in Brain Research, vol. 216)
      • Finger, S., and Zeitler, W. (2015). Benjamin Franklin and his glass armonica: From music as therapeutic to pathological. In Altenmuller, E., Finger, S., and Boller, F. (Eds.), Music, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Historical Connections and Perspectives. Oxford/New York: Elsevier, pp. 93-125. (Progress in Brain Research, vol. 216),
      • Finger, S., Sironi, V. A., and Riva, M. A. (2015). Somnambulism in Verdi's Macbeth and Bellini's La Sonnambula: Opera, sleepwalking, and medicine. In Altenmuller, E., Finger, S., and Boller, F. (Eds.), Music, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Historical Connections and Perspectives. Oxford/New York: Elsevier, pp. 357-388. (Progress in Brain Research, vol. 216).
      • Finger, S. (2015). R Waits' The Medical Electricians: Dr. Scott and his Victorian Cohorts in Quackery. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 24, 310-311
      • Finger, S. (2014). William Zeitler's, The Glass Armonica: The Music and the Madness. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 23, 333-334.
      • Finger, S. (2013). R. Provine's Curious Behavior. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 22, 429-430.
      • Finger, S. (2013). The Overlooked literary path to modern electrophysiology: Philosophical dialogues, novels, and travel books. In Finger, S., Stiles, A., and Boller, F. (Eds.), Literature, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Historical and Literary Connections. Oxford/New York: Elsevier. (Progress in Brain Research, vol. 203), pp. 3-17.
      • Finger, S., and Stiles, A. (2013). Lord Byron’s physician: John William Polidori on somnambulism. In Finger, S., Stiles, A., and Boller, F. (Eds.), Literature, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Historical and Literary Connections. Oxford/New York:Elsevier. (Progress in Brain Research, vol. 203), pp. 131-147.
      • Kruger, L., and Finger, S. (2013). Peter Mark Roget: physician, scientist, systematist; his Thesaurus and his impact on 19th-Century neuroscience. In Finger, S., Stiles, A., and Boller, F. (Eds.), Literature, Neurology, and Neuroscience: Historical and Literary Connections. Oxford/New York: Elsevier. (Progress in Brain Research, vol. 203), pp. 173-195.
      • Finger, S., Piccolino, M, and Stahnisch, F. (2013). Alexander von Humboldt: Galvanism, animal electricity, and self-experimentation. Part 1: formative years, Naturphilosophie, and Galvanism. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 22, 225-260.
      • Finger, S., Piccolino, M, and Stahnisch, F. (2013). Alexander von Humboldt: Galvanism, animal electricity, and self-experimentation. Part 2: The electric eel, animal electricity, and later years. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences.22, 327-352.
      • Finger, S. Christopher Smith (1930-2013) (2013). Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 22, 216-218.
      • Finger S. Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909-2012). (2013). Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 22, 307-309.
      • Finger, S. (2012). The early history of the concept of cerebral dominance. In R. W. Rieber (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the History of Psychological Theories. New York: Springer, pp. 160-171. 
      • Finger, S. (2012). The lady and the "eel": How Aphra Behn introduced Europeans to the "numb eel" in 1686. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 55, 378-401.
      • Piccolino, M, Finger, S., and Barbara, J-G. (2011). Discovering the freshwater African "torpedo": Legendary Ethiopia, religious controversies, and a catfish capable of reanimating dead fishes. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences,20, 210-235.
      • Umanath, S., Sarezky, D. and Finger, S. (2011). Sleepwalking through history: Medicine, arts, and courts of law. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 20, 253-276./
      • Verano, J. W., and Finger, S. (2010). Ancient trepanation. In Finger, S.,Boller, F., and Tyler, K. (Eds.), History of Clinical Neurology. Handbook of Clinical Neurology (new series). Edinburgh: Elsevier, pp. 3-14.
      • Finger, S. (2010). The birth of localization theory. In Finger, S., Boller, F., and Tyler, K. (Eds.), History of Clinical Neurology. Handbook of Clinical Neurology (new series). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 117-128.
      • Finger, S., and Stone, J. L. (2010). Landmarks of surgical neurology and the interplay of disciplines. In Finger, S., Boller, F., and Tyler, K. (Eds.), History of Clinical Neurology. Handbook of Clinical Neurology (new series). Edinburgh: Elsevier, pp. 189-202.
      • Finger, S. (2010). Recovery of function: Redundancy and vicariation theories. In Finger, S., Boller, F., and Tyler, K. (Eds.), History of Clinical Neurology. Handbook of Clinical Neurology (new series). Edinburgh: Elsevier, pp. 833-841.
      • Stiles, A., Finger, S., and Bulevich, J. (2010). Somnambulism and trance states in the works of Dr. John Polidori, author of The Vampyre. European Romantic Reviews, 21, 789-807.
      • Stiles, A., Finger, S., and Petrain, D. E. (2010). A new look at Polidori. European Romantic Reviews, 21, 771-773.
      • Finger, S. (2010). Dr. Alexander Garden, a Linnaean in Colonial America, and the travels of some "electric eels. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 53, 388-406.
      • Wade, N., and Finger, S. (2010). Phantom penis: historical dimensions. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 19, 299-312.
      • Finger, S. (2009). Edward Bancroft's (1769) "Torporific Eels". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 52, 61-79.
      • Finger, S., and Ferguson, I. (2009). The role of The Gentleman’s Magazine in the dissemination of knowledge about electric fish in the eighteenth century. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 18, 347-365.
      • Koehler P.J., Finger, S., and Piccolino, M. (2009). The eels of South America: Mid-eighteenth-century Dutch contributions to the theory of animal electricity. Journal of the History of Biology, 42, 235-251.
      • Finger, S., and Hagemann, I. S. (2008). Benjamin Franklin's risk factors for gout and stones: From genes and diet to possible lead poisoning. American Philosophical Society Proceedings, 152, 189-206.
      • Koehler P. J, and Finger, S. (2008). De Zuid-Amerikaanse aal. Twee vroege brieven uit de Nederlandse koloniën over dierlijke elektriciteit ["The South American eel. Two early letters from the Dutch colonies on animal electricity"]. Studium, 1, I85-194.
      • Finger, S. (2008). W. Moore's The Knife Man. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 17, 91-93.
      • Locke, H. S., and Finger, S. (2007). Gentleman’s Magazine and the advent of medical electricity and disorders of the nervous system.  In: Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience. H. Whitaker, C. U. M. Smith, and S. Finger (Eds.). Boston: Springer.  Pp. 257-270.
      • Finger, S. (2007). Benjamin Franklin and the electrical cure for disorders of the nervous system. In: Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience. H. Whitaker, C. U. M. Smith, and S. Finger (Eds.). Boston: Springer. Pp. 245-256.
      • Finger, S. (2007). Benjamin Franklin and medical electricity. Reynolds Lecture. Waco TX: Baylor University.
      • Finger, S. (2006). Phantom limbs. Encyclopedia of Disability. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
      • Finger, S. (2006). Paul Broca. Encyclopedia of Disability. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
      • Christ, S. and Finger, S. (2006). Retardation in the Family: Pearl S. Buck and Phenylketonuria. In N. Blau (Ed.), PKU and THB: Advances in Phenylketonuria and Tetrahydrobiopterin Research. Heilbron: SBS  Publishing.
      • Finger, S., and Zaromb, F. (2006). Benjamin Franklin and shock-induced amnesia. American Psychologist, 61, 240-248.
      • Beaudreau, S. A., and Finger, S. (2006). Medical electricity and madness the eighteenth century: The legacies of Benjamin Franklin and Jan Ingenhousz. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 49, 330-345.           
      • Finger, S. (2006). Benjamin Franklin, electricity, and the palsies: On the 300th anniversary of his birth. Neurology, 66, 1559-1563.
      • Finger, S. (2006). Benjamin Franklin and the neurosciences. Functional Neurology, 21, 67-75.
      • Kirschenbaum, E., Schalick, W. O. III, Faber, D. P., and Finger, S. (2005). Hector Landouzy on facial paralysis in newborn children: The case studies of a 19th-century French hospital physician. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 8, 180-186.
      • Finger, S., and Gallo, D.  (2004). The music of madness: Franklin’s armonica and the vulnerable nervous system. In F. Rose (Ed.), Neurology of the Arts. London: Imperial College Press. Pp. 207-235.
      • Finger, S., Koehler, P. J., and Jagella, C. (2004). Monakow's concept of diaschisis: Origins and perspectives. Archives of Neurology, 61, 283-288.
      • Finger, S.  Cerebral localization. (2004). In W. E. Craighead and C. B. Nemeroff (Eds.), The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science, third edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 163-164.      
      • Finger, S.  Neuropsychology. (2004). In W. E. Craighead and C. B. Nemeroff (Eds.), The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 3rd edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 616-618.        
      • Finger, S., and Christ, S.E. (2004). Pearl S. Buck and phenylketonuria. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences,13, 44-57.
      • Finger, S. (2004). Francis Schiller (1909-2003). Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 13, 353-357.
      • Finger, S.  2004. Paul Broca. Journal of Neurology, 251, 769-770. 
      • Finger, S.  Galvani, Luigi (Aloisio). (2003). Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences.  New York: Academic Press. Pp. 417-418.
      • Finger, S.  Paul Broca. (2003). Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, Vol. 1, Nature Publishing Group: London. Pp. 426-429.
      • Finger, S., and Hustwit, M. (2003). Five early account of phantom limb in context: Paré, Descartes, Bell, Lemos and Mitchell. Neurosurgery, 52, 675-686.
      • Wade, N., and Finger, S.  (2003). William Porterfield (ca. 1696-1771) and his phantom limb: An overlooked first self-report by a man of medicine. Neurosurgery, 52, 1196-1199.
      • Finger, S., Buckner, R. L., and Buckingham, H. (2003). Does the right hemisphere take over after damage to Broca's area? The Barlow case of 1877 and its history. Brain and Language, 85, 385-395
      • Arnott, R., Finger, S., and Smith, C.U.M. (2003). Trepanation. In: Arnott, R., Finger, S., and Smith, C.U.M. (eds), Trepanation: History, Discovery, Theory. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger, pp. ix-xii.
      • Fernando, H. R., and Finger, S. (2003). Ephraim George Squier’s Peruvian skull and the discovery of cranial trepanation. In: Arnott, R., Finger, S., and Smith, C.U.M. (eds.), Trepanation: History, Discovery, Theory. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger, pp. 3-18
      • Finger, S, and Clower, W. T.  (2003). On the birth of trepanation: The thoughts of Paul Broca and Victor Horsley. In: Arnott, R., Finger, S., and Smith, C.U.M. (eds.), Trepanation: History, Discovery, Theory. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger, pp. 19-42.
      • Finger, S. (2002). Women and the history of the neurosciences. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 11, 80-86.
      • Finger, S. (2002). David Ferrier. In R. Wozniak (Ed.), Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century British Philosophers. Bristol, UK: Thoemmes.
      • Finger, S., and Wade, N. (2002). The neuroscience of Helmholtz and the theories of Johannes Müller. Part 1: Nerve cell structure, vitalism, and the nerve impulse. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 11, 136-155.
      • Finger, S., and Wade, N. (2002). The neuroscience of Helmholtz and The theories of Johannes Müller. Part 2: Sensation and perception. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 11, 234-254.
      • Finger, S, and Clower, W. T. (2001). Victor Horsley on “trephining in pre-historic times.” Neurosurgery, 48, 911-918.
      • Palmer, E. D., and Finger, S. (2001). An early description of ADHD (Inattention Subtype): Dr. Alexander Crichton and the "Mental Restlessness" (1798). Child Psychology and Psychiatry Reviews, 6, 66-73.
      • Finger, S., Gehr, S. E., and West, A. L. (2001). Dual personality and the brain: The case studies of Lewis C. Bruce in the 1890s. History of Psychiatry, 12, 59-71. 
      • Sparrow, E. P., and Finger, S. (2001). Edward Albert Schäfer (Sharpey-Schafer) and his Contributions to Neuroscience: Commemorating of the 150th Anniversary of his Birth. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 10, 41-57.
      • Finger, S.  and Fernando, H. R. (2001). E. G. Squier and the discovery of cranial trepanation:  A landmark in the history of surgery and ancient medicine. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 56, 353-381.
      • Finger, S. (2000). Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s Advice for a Young Investigator. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 9, 222-223.
      • Clower, W. T., and Finger, S. (2001). Discovering Trepanation: The contributions of Paul Broca. Neurosurgery, 49, 1417-1425.
      • Fernando, H. R., and Finger, S. (2001). The man behind the skull. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 10, 319-320, 323-325.
      • Wade, N., and Finger, S. (2001). The eye as an optical instrument: From camera obscura to Helmholtz’s perspective. Perception, 30, 1157-1177.
      • Finger, S. (2001). Cerebral localization. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Neuroscience, vol. 1, 3rd Edition.New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 163-164.
      • Finger, S.  Cerebral localization. (2000). In W. E. Craighead and C. B. Nemeroff (Eds.), The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science, 3rd edition, vol. 1. New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 270-271.  
      • Finger, S. (2000). Santiago Ramón y Cajal. Encyclopedia of Psychology, Vol. 6. New York: Oxford University Press (American Psychological Association). Pp. 501-502.
      • Finger, S., and Roe, D. Paul Broca. (2000). Encyclopedia of Psychology, vol. 1.  New York: Oxford University Press (American Psychological Association), pp. 477-478.
      • Finger, S. (2000). Rare Neuroscience Books. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 9, 122-123.
      • Finger, S. (2000). A quotation to remember. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 9, 164, 201-202.
      • Gallo, D., and Finger, S. (2000). The power of a musical instrument: Franklin, The Mozarts, Mesmer and the glass armonica. History of Psychology, 3, 326-343.
      • Finger, S., Beyer, T., and Koehler, P. (2000). Dr. Otto Soltmann (1876) on the Development of the Motor Cortex and Recovery after its Removal in Infancy.” Brain Research Bulletin, 53, 133-140.
      • Lajonchere, C., and Finger, S. (1999). Henry Herbert Donaldson (1857-1938). In American National Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 716-717.
      • Norrsell, U., Finger, S., and Lajonchere, C. (1999). The discovery of cutaneous sensory spots in the 1880s and the law of "specific nerve energies": History and contemporary findings.  Brain Research Bulletin, 48, 457-465.
      • Kanne, S. M. and Finger, S. (1999). Konstantin M. Bykov and the discovery of the role of the corpus callosum. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 54, 572-590.
      • Kushner, H. I., Luzzatti, C, and Finger, S. (1999). A perplexing document in the early history of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: Melotti's rendition of a “lecture by Charcot.” (Including a complete translation from the Italian with Commentary.) Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 8, 5-20.
      • Finger, S., and Roe, D. (1999). Does Gustave Dax deserve to be forgotten? The temporal lobe theory and other contributions of an overlooked figure in the history of language and cerebral dominance.  Brain and Language, 69, 16-30.
      • Finger, S. and Kanne, S. M. (1999). The discovery and rediscovery of the corpus callosum. Brain Research Bulletin(Special Issue: Highlights in Twentieth-Century Neuroscience), 50, 419-420.
      • Finger, S. (1999). Margaret Kennard on sparing and recovery of function: A tribute on the 100th anniversary of her birth. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 8, 269-285.
      • Finger, S. (1998). "A happy state of mind": An Early history of mild elation, denial of disability, optimism, and laughing in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Neurology, 55, 241-250
      • Finger, S., and Law, M. B. (1998). Karl August Weinhold and his "science" in the era of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein: Experiments on electricity and the restoration of life. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 53, 161-180.
      • Buckingham, H., and Finger, S. (1997). David Hartley's psychobiological associationism and the legacy of Aristotle. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 6, 21-37.
      • Finger, S. (1997). Alexander Forbes [Neurognosics column). Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 6, 106-107.
      • Finger, S., and Koehler, P. (1997). Frank Rose and the Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 6, 1-2.
      • Lajonchere, C., Nortz, M., and Finger, S. (1996). Gilles de la Tourette and the discovery of Tourtette's syndrome: (Including a translation of his 1884 paper). Archives of Neurology, 53, 567-574.
      • Finger, S., and Roe, D. (1996). Gustave Dax and the early history of cerebral dominance. Archives of Neurology, 53, 806-813.
      • Roe, D., and Finger, S. (1996). Gustave Dax and his fight for recognition: An overlooked chapter in the history of cerebral dominance. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 5, 228-240.  
      • Finger, S. (1995). Descartes and the pineal gland in animals:  A frequent misinterpretation. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 4, 166-182.
      • Finger, S. (1995). The pineal gland of Descartes: Does it differ in the brutes? European Pineal Society News, 33, 9-14.  (Invited Essay)
      • Finger, S., and Buckingham, H. (1994): Disorders of fluent speech and associationist theory. Archives of Neurology, 51, 498-503.
      • Finger, S. (1994). History of neuropsychology. In D. W. Zaidel (Ed.), Handbook of Perception and Cognition, Vol. 15: Neuropsychology.  San Diego, CA:  Academic Press. Pp. 1-28.
      • Weichman, C., McMurray, P., Knuttinen, G., Mudd, P., Foley, E. A., and Finger, S. (1994). Holeboard performance of rats after hippocampal lesions and treatment with Nimodipine. Experimental Neurology, 127, 278-283.
      • Finger, S. (1994). Recovery from brain damage:  Reflections and directions. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience,6, 257-258.
      • Finger, S. (1994). Cerebral localization. In R. Corsini (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2nd edition, Vol. 1. New York:  John Wiley and Sons, Inc., pp. 206-207.
      • Nelson, C., Finger, S., and Simons, D. (1993). Effects of Nimodipine on two neurologic measures sensitive to sensorimotor cortex damage. Experimental Neurology, 119, 302-308.
      • Finger, S. (1993). Nimodipine and recovery from focal brain lesions.  Drugs in Development, 2, 379-393.
      • Womack, S., Geduldig, P. S., Foley, L., Forman, J. B., Simsic, M., Davis, A. V., Feliciano, J., Srisumrid, T., and Finger, S. (1993). Medial frontal cortex lesions: Deficits and treatment with Nimodipine.  Experimental Neurology, 124, 387-389.
      • Nelson, C., Bawa, J., and Finger, S. (1992). Radial maze performance after hippocampal lesions:  Beneficial effects of Nimodipine.  Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 4, 33-40.
      • Almli, C. R., and Finger, S. (1992). Brain injury and recovery of function:  Theories and mechanisms of functional reorganization. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 7, 70-77.
      • Finger, S. (1991). Brain damage, development and behavior: Early findings. Developmental Neuropsychology, 7, 261-274.
      • Andersen, C., Andersen, A. B., and Finger, S. (1991). Neurological correlates of unilateral and bilateral "strokes" of the middle cerebral artery in the rat. Physiology and Behavior, 50, 263-269.
      • Zhou, F., Pu, C-F., and Finger, S. (1991). Nimodipine-enhanced survival of suboptimal neural grafts. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 3, 211-214.
      • Finger, S. (1990). Experience and the biology of the brain. Contemporary Psychology, 35, 445-446.
      • Finger, S., Green, L., Tarnoff, M. E., Mortman, K. D., and Andersen, A. (1990). Nimodipine enhances new learning after hippocampal damage.  Experimental Neurology, 109, 279-285.
      • Andersen, A. B., Finger, S., Anderson, C. S., and Hoagland, N. (1990). Cortical lesion effects and treatment with Nimodipine. Physiology and Behavior, 47, 1045-1052.
      • Finger, S. (1990). A 16th-century request for brain tissue transplantation.  Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 1, 367-368.
      • Wozniak, D. F., Stewart, G. R., Finger, S., Olney, J. W., and Cozzari, C. (1989). Basal forebrain lesions impair tactile discrimination and working memory. Neurobiology of Aging, 10, 173-179.
      • Finger, S., and Dunnett, S. B. (1989). Nimodipine enhances growth and vascularization of neural grafts. Experimental Neurology, 104, 1-9.
      • Finger, S., and Dunnett, S. B. (1989). "Highlight from the Literature": Finger and Dunnett, Experimental Neurology, 1989, paper. Cerebrovascular Brain Metabolism Reviews, 1989, 1, 266.
      • Finger, S. (1989). Neuroplasticity and development. Contemporary Psychology, 34, 1082-1083.
      • Wozniak, D. F., Stewart, G. R., Finger, S., and Olney, J. W. (1989). Comparison of behavioral effects of nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions and somatosensory cortex ablation in the rat. Neuroscience, 32, 685-700.
      • Dunnett, S. B., Martel, F. L., Rogers, D. C., and Finger, S. (1989). Factors affecting septal graft amelioration of differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) and activity deficits after fimbria-fornix lesions. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 1, 83-92.
      • Finger, S. (1989). Reflections on the possible maladaptive consequences of injury-induced reorganization. Neuropsychology, 3, 41-47.
      • Finger, S., and Dunnett, S. B. (1989).  Nimodipine and neural grafts. In J. Traber and W. H. Gispen (Eds.) Nimodipine and Central Nervous Systems Function: New Vistas.  Stuttgart: Schattauer, pp. 87-98.
      • Finger, S. and Almli, C. R. (1988). Margaret Kennard and her "Principle" in Historical Perspective.  In S. Finger, T. E. LeVere, C. R. Almli and D. G. Stein (Eds.), Brain Injury and Recovery: Theoretical and Controversial Issues.  New York:  Plenum, pp. 117-132.
      • Almli, C. R., and Finger, S. (1988). Toward a definition of recovery of function.  In S. Finger, T. E. LeVere, C. R. Almli, and D. G. Stein (Eds.), Brain Injury and Recovery: Theoretical and Controversial Issues.  New York: Plenum, pp. 1-14.
      • Finger, S., LeVere, T. E., Almli, C. R., and Stein, D. G. (1988). Recovery of function:  Sources of controversy. In S. Finger, T. E. LeVere, C.R. Almli, and D. G. Stein (Eds.), Brain Injury and Recovery: Theoretical and Controversial Issues.  New York:  Plenum, pp. 351-361.
      • Finger, S., and Wolf, C. (1988). The "Kennard Principle" before Kennard: The early history of age and brain lesion effects. Archives of Neurology, 45, 1136-1142.
      • Altemus, K. A., Finger, S., Wolf, C., Almli, C. R., and Miller, J. (1988). Nimodipine and behavior after frontal cortical lesions in rats. Nimodipine: Transactions of the Miles Laboratory Conference, 1988.
      • Sondhaus, E., and Finger, S. (1988). Aphasia and the C.N.S. from Imhotep to Broca. Neuropsychology, 2, 87-110.
      • Finger, S., Heavens, R. P., Sirinathsinghji, D. J. S., Kuehn, M. R., and Dunnett, S. B. (1988). Behavioral and neurochemical evaluation of a transgenic mouse model of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 86,203-213.
      • Doar, B., Finger, S., and Almli, C. R. (1987). Marked acquisition and reversal learning deficits in rats with subtotal medial frontal cortex lesions.  Experimental Brain Research, 66, 432-434.
      • Wolf, C., Waksman, D., Finger, S., and Almli, C. R. (1987). Large and small medial frontal cortex lesions and spatial behaviors of the rat. Brain Research Bulletin,18, 1-5.
      • Almli, C. R. and Finger, S. (1987). Neural insult and critical period concepts. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Sensitive Periods in Development: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (Vol. VI: Crosscurrents in Contemporary Psychology).  Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., pp. 123-143.
      • Altemus, K. A., Finger, S., Wolf, C., and Birge, S. J. (1987). Behavioral correlates of vitamin D deficiency. Physiology and Behavior, 39, 435-440.
      • Finger, S., Altemus, K. L., Green, L., Wolf, C., Miller, J., and Almli, C. R. (1987). Effects of medial frontal cortex lesions on DRL performance in rats.  Physiology and Behavior, 41, 387-389.
      • Wolf, C., Almli, C. R., Finger, S., Ryan, S., and Morgane, P. J. (1986). Behavioral effects of severe and moderate early malnutrition. Physiology and Behavior, 38, 725-730.
      • Finger, S., Almli, C. R., Green, L., Wolf, C., and Morgane, P. J. (1986). Severe early malnutrition and DRL performance in the rat. Physiology and Behavior, 38, 731-734.
      • Finger, S. (1986). Behavioral and biological aspects of recovery from brain damage. Deutschen Gesellschaff fur Psychologie. Gottingen: Verlag für Psychologie.
      • Silva, M. G., Boyle, M. A., Finger, S., Numan, B., Bouzrara, A., and Almli, C. R. (1986). Behavioral effects of large and small lesions of the rat medial frontal cortex. Experimental Brain Research, 65, 176-181.
      • Finger, S., Bouzrara, A., and Silva, M. (1985). Early undernutrition and recovery from acute brain damage later in life. In B. Will and P. Schmidt (Eds.), Brain Plasticity, Memory and Learning. New York: Plenum, pp. 433-440.
      • Bouzrara, A., Silva, M., Waksman, D., Finger, S., and Almli, C. R. (1985). Relation between the severity of early malnutrition and the effects of later frontal cortical lesions in rats. Physiological Psychology, 13, 1-6.
      • Finger, S. and Almli, C. R. (1985). Brain damage and neuroplasticity: Mechanisms of recovery or development? Brain Research Reviews,10, 177-186.
      • Finger, S. (1985). E. Miller's Recovery and Management of Neuropsychological Impairments. Neuropsychologia, 23, 446-447.
      • Blumenthal, H., Young, D., Finger, S., and Wozniak, D. (1984). Effects of age, brain damage and stress on antibody binding to the brain. Journal of Gerontology, 39, 552-560.
      • Simons, D., and Finger, S. (1984). Some factors affecting recovery after brain damage early in life.  In: S. Finger and C. R. Almli (Eds.), Early Brain Damage, Vol. 2.  Neurobiology and Behavior. New York:  Academic Press, pp. 327-347.
      • Finger, S., Wozniak, D., and Blumenthal, H. (1984). Longevity, disease and autoimmune reactions following focal cortical injuries. In S. Scheff (Ed.), Plasticity and the Aging Brain. New York: Plenum, pp. 1-21.
      • Silva, M., Bouzrara, A., Finger, S., and Almli, C. R. (1984). Effects of early protein undernutrition and later frontal cortex damage on habit acquisition and reversal learning in the rat. Physiological Psychology, 12, 141-146.
      • Finger, S. (1984). Paradigms, methodologies and memory mechanisms.  Physiological Psychology, 12, 89-91.
      • Finger, S., and Green, L. (1983). Early undernutrition and later hippocampal damage. I. DRL performance in rats. Nutrition and Behavior, 1, 195-206.
      • Stein, D. G., Finger, S., and Hart, T. (1983). Brain damage and recovery:  Problems and perspectives. Behavioral and Neural Biology, 37, l85-222.
      • Simons, D., and Finger, S. (1983). Neonatal vs. later sensorimotor cortex damage: The ability to use spared fragments of target tissue to guide tactile learning. Physiological Psychology, 11, 29-34.
      • Laughlin, N. K., Finger, S., and Bell, J. (1983). Early undernutrition and later hippocampal damage: Effects on spontaneous behaviors and reversal learning. Physiological Psychology, 11, 269-277.
      • Wozniak, D., Finger, S., Blumenthal, H., and Poland, R. (1982). Brain damage, stress and lifespan: An experimental study. Journal of Gerontology, 37, 161-168.
      • Bell, J., Gruenthal, M., Finger, S., Lundberg, P., and Johnson, E. (1982). Behavioral effects of early deprivation of nerve growth factor:  Some similarities with familial dysau­tonomia. Brain Research, 234, 409-421.
      • Finger, S., Gruenthal, M., and Bell, J. (1982). Some perspectives on the serial lesion effect. In M. van Hof and G. Mohn (Eds.), Functional Recovery from Brain Damage. Amsterdam: Elsevier, p. 15-29.
      • Finger, S., Hart, T., and Jones, E. (1982). Recovery time and sensorimotor cortex lesion effects. Physiology and Behavior, 29, 73-78.
      • Gisel, E., Gruenthal, M., and Finger, S. (1982). Swimming as a method for assessing motor cortex integrity in rodents. Brain Research, 239, 649-654.
      • Crnic, L. S., Bell, J. M., Mangold, R., Gruenthal, M., Eiler, J., and Finger, S. (1981). Separation-induced early malnutrition: Maternal, physiological and behavioral effects. Physiology and Behavior, 26, 695-707.
      • Bell, J., Gruenthal, M., Finger, S., and Mangold, R. (1981). Effects of one and two stage lesions of the posterior hypothalamus on temperature regulation in the rat. Brain Research, 219, 451-455.
      • Mangold, R. F., Bell, J., Gruenthal, M., and Finger, S. (1981). Brain damage and undernu­trition:  A preliminary investigation. Brain Research, 230, 406-411.
      • Gruenthal, M., Finger, S., Berenbeim, D., Pollock, D., and Hart, T.  (1980). A delayed lesion effect following sensorimotor cortex ablation in adult rats.  Experimental Neurology, 69, 4-21.
      • Gabriel, S., Freer, B., and Finger, S. (1979). Brain damage and the overlearning reversal effect. Physiological Psychology, 7, 327-332.
      • Finger, S. (1978). Lesion momentum and behavior. In Finger, S. (Ed.), Recovery from Brain Damage: Research and Theory. New York:  Plenum Publishing Co., pp. 135-164.
      • Finger, S. (1978). Environmental modification of brain lesion syndromes. In Finger, S. (Ed.), Recovery from Brain Damage: Research and Theory.  New York:  Plenum Publishing Co., p. 297-329.
      • Finger, S. (1978). Postweaning environmental stimulation and somesthetic performance in rats sustaining cortical lesions at maturity. Developmental Psychobiology, 11, 5-11.
      • Finger, S., Simons, D., and Posner, R. (1978). Anatomical, physiological and behavioral effects of neonatal sensorimotor cortex ablation in the rat.  Experimental Neurology, 60, 347-373.
      • Finger, S., and Simons, D. (1976). Effects of serial lesions of somatosensory cortex and further neodecortication on retention of a rough-smooth discrimination in rats. Experimental Brain Research, 25, 183-197.
      • Andersson, S., Finger, S., and Norrsell, U. (1975). Cerebral units activated by tactile stimuli via a ventral spinal pathway in monkeys. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 93, 119-128.
      • Finger, S., and Reyes, R. (1975). Long-term deficits after somatosensory cortical lesions in rats. Physiology and Behavior, 16, 289-293.
      • Finger, S. (1975). Child holding patterns in Western art. Child Development, 46, 267-271.
      • Simons, D., Puretz, J., and Finger, S. (1974). Effects of serial lesions of somatosensory cortex and further neodecortication on tactile retention in rats. Experimental Brain Research, 23, 353-366.
      • Finger, S. (1974). Recovery after somatosensory forebrain damage. In Stein, D. G., Rosen, J. J., and Butters, N. (Eds.), Plasticity and Recovery of Function in the C.N.S., Academic Press.
      • Finger, S., and Norrsell, U. (1974). Temperature sensitivity of the paw of the cat:  A behavioral study. Journal of Physiology (London), 239, 631-646.
      • Richards, J. L., and Finger, S. (1974). Mother-child holding patterns:  A cross-cultural photographic survey. Child Development, 46, 1001-1004.
      • Weese, G. S., Neimand, D., and Finger, S. (1973). Cortical lesions and somesthesis in rats: Effects of training and overtraining prior to surgery.  Experimental Brain Research, 16, 542-550.
      • Reyes, R., Finger, S., and Frye, J. (1973). Serial thalamic lesions and tactile discrimination in the rat. Behavioral Biology, 8, 807-813.
      • Finger, S., Walbran, B., and Stein, D. G. (1973). Brain damage and behavioral recovery: Serial lesion phenomena. Brain Research, 63, 1-18.
      • Finger, S., Cohen, M., and Alongi, R. (1972). The roles of somatosensory cortical areas l and 2 in tactile discrimination in the rat. International Journal of Psychobiology, 2, 93-102.
      • Finger, S. (1972). Lemniscal and extralemniscal thalamic lesions and tactile discrimination in the rat. Experimental Brain Research, 15, 532-542.
      • Finger, S., and Levin, H. (1972). An attempt to demonstrate contralateral masking in tactile adaptation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 35, 856-858.
      • Carmon, A., and Finger, S.  (1971). Spatial and temporal interaction in tactile adaptation. Perceptual and Motor Skills,32, 427-433.
      • Finger, S., and Fox, M. W. (1971). Effects of early tactile enrichment on open field activity and tactile discriminative ability in the rat. Developmental Psychobiology, 4, 269-274.
      • Finger, S., Lennard, P., Hammer, R., and Ehrman, R. (1971). Retention of tactile discrimi­nations following somatosensory cortical lesions in the rat. Experimental Brain Research, 12, 354-360.
      • Finger, S., Marshak, A., Cohen, M., Scheff, S., Trace, R., and Neiman, D. (1971). Effects of successive and simultaneous lesions of the somatosensory cortex on tactile discri­minative ability in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 77, 221-227.
      • Finger, S., Frommer, G. P., Carmon, A., and Inbal. R. (1970). Roughness discrimination with sandpaper surfaces: An olfactory confounding.  Psychonomic Science, 18, l65-l66.
      • Finger, S., Scheff, S., Warshaw, I., and Cohen, K. (1970). Retention and acquisition of fine temperature discriminations following somatosensory cortical lesions in the rat. Experimental Brain Research, 10, 340-346.
      • Finger, S., and Maickel, R. P. (1970). Lesions of cortical and thalamic somatosensory areas and body temperature maintenance. Brain Research, 21, 284-286.
      • Finger, S., and Frommer, G. P. (1970). Effects of cortical and thalamic lesions on tempera­ture discrimination and responsiveness to foot shock in the rat. Brain Research, 24, 69-89.
      • Finger, S., and Frommer, G. P. (1968). Effects of cortical lesions on tactile discrimination graded in difficulty. Life Sciences, 7, 897-904.
      • Finger, S., and Frommer, G. P. (1968). Effects of somatosensory thalamic and cortical lesions on roughness discrimination in the albino rat. Physiology and Behavior, 3, 83-89.